Sectors we work in
Development & non-profit sectorListed public companyEnergy & infrastructureAutomotive retail & serviceTrade & distributionHospitality & hotelsProfessional & service firms
Finance · Accounting · Taxation · Management

Expert advisory support for your growing business.

Boost Capacity. Stay Compliant. Accelerate Growth.

Join the businesses across Nepal that trust Expert Advisory Services with their finance, accounting, taxation, HR and management — handled by dedicated professionals, so you can focus on what you do best.

  • Registered under the Company Act, 2063
  • CA, ACCA & Legal Professionals
  • IRD & OCR Experienced
The Expert Advisory Services office in Jwagal, Lalitpur

our office in Jwagal — this is where your file lands

Financial reporting
Pvt. Ltd.Registered under the Company Act, 2063
8Practice areas under one roof
IRD · OCRFiling & representation experience
NFRSAccounts and reports prepared to Nepal Financial Reporting Standards
(01)What We Do

Services

Seven practice areas, each handled by people who know your business.

01

Start Up

Company registration, licensing, and the groundwork to get a new business structured and compliant from day one.

Explore this service
02

Management

Strategic and operational consulting to help you make sound decisions as your business grows.

Explore this service
03

Human Resource

HR systems, policy design, and compliance support so your people processes run smoothly.

Explore this service
04

Accounting and Finance

Bookkeeping, reconciliation, and financial reporting that keeps your books accurate and current.

Explore this service
05

Tax Management

Tax planning, compliance, and IRD filing so you meet every deadline without last-minute stress.

Explore this service
06

Data Analytics

Your ledgers turned into dashboards and KPIs — margin, cash runway and collections, read the same way every month.

Explore this service
07

Sustainability & ESG

ESG data your lenders, donors and buyers are starting to ask for — collected properly and reported on the same rhythm as your books.

Explore this service
08

Training

Capacity-building programs that strengthen your team's finance and management skills.

Explore this service

New business setup and planning the structure of a business is extremely important in determining its success — but it can be overwhelming. When you set up a business, you need to know whether it is feasible, the structure that suits it, the authorities you need to notify, the permissions required, and the accounts and records you have to keep.

At Expert Advisory Services, we help you successfully navigate the business formation process. We offer the expert advice you need to understand for setting up your business, and we are committed to recommending the structure that will help you achieve your ultimate business goal.

We provide the expertise and experience you need regarding the registration and renewal procedures of your business. Our team of experts conducts a feasibility study of your business and designs a detailed business development plan and projections based on your requirements. We aim to see your business grow and your dream realized.

What we offer
  • Company registration & renewal
  • PAN / VAT registration
  • Feasibility studies
  • Business development plans & financial projections
  • Licensing & regulatory approvals
  • Advice on the right business structure
Book a free consultation

Choosing a reliable team to handle your business advisory needs can be a challenge — the wrong consultant can doom a business before it even starts. At Expert Advisory Services, we can assure you that will not be the case: we know what our clients need, and we go above and beyond to deliver, because your satisfaction matters to us.

We ensure excellent service across our competency areas of corporate, economic and marketing services. We make it our mission to individualize our services and give you the absolute best possible advice for the optimum success of your business. Our team of experts builds outstanding marketing and related strategies to take your marketing game to a whole new level — keeping you one step ahead of your competition.

What we offer
  • Corporate & strategic consulting
  • Economic & market analysis
  • Marketing strategy & brand positioning
  • Business process improvement
  • Performance monitoring & KPIs
Book a free consultation

Happy employees are an asset to any organization — they ensure productivity, efficiency and a positive work environment. The HR department is one of the most important departments of a company, and it is essential to have a team committed to serving your employees.

Expert Advisory Services can become your complete human resources service provider. Our expert team members handle every aspect of your human resource function as you require.

What we offer
  • Recruitment services
  • HR consulting & HR policy reviews
  • Staff outsourcing
  • HR manuals, policies & budget development
  • Payroll management
  • Training needs assessment & training delivery
Book a free consultation

Getting your finances right is key to business success. Accounting and bookkeeping, payroll management and financial forecasting can be stressful — especially for a new business — and once the business starts growing, the responsibilities are even greater.

At Expert Advisory Services, we provide flexible, efficient and timely financial services to your business: the best financial advice, payroll management, and accounting and bookkeeping services. We assist with accounting system development and take care of internal controls and NFRS implementation. Our team of experts is committed to optimum solutions for all your financial needs.

We also serve as your outsourced finance back office (BPO): cloud bookkeeping and reporting on QuickBooks, Xero and Tally, with management dashboards built in Power BI — for businesses in Nepal and firms abroad alike.

What we offer
  • Accounting & bookkeeping
  • Payroll management
  • Financial forecasting & reporting
  • Accounting system development
  • Internal controls & NFRS implementation
  • BPO bookkeeping on QuickBooks, Xero & Tally
  • Power BI dashboards & MIS reporting
Book a free consultation

Managing tax is a crucial aspect for individuals and businesses alike. Filing a timely and accurate tax return is important to fulfilling your regulatory requirements.

We have the best panel of experts who understand corporate and individual tax requirements and put you at ease. We take care of the tax needs of your business, employment and investment by staying up to date with changing tax laws and helping you with tax planning. We are committed to relieving you of the administrative burden of tax compliance — determining the most effective tax structure for your business, investment and employment, making the most of tax opportunities, meeting the demands of tax compliance, and advising you on tax as per your requirement.

What we offer
  • Corporate & individual tax planning
  • Income tax, VAT & TDS returns
  • Effective tax structuring
  • IRD representation & compliance support
  • Advisory on changing tax laws
Book a free consultation

Most businesses we meet are not short of data. It is sitting in the accounting software, the bank statements, the sales register and three different spreadsheets — and nobody has the time to put it together. Data analytics is simply the work of pulling those pieces into one place and asking them a useful question.

We start from the ledgers we already maintain for you, so there is nothing new to collect. From there we build the small number of measures that actually move a business in Nepal: gross margin by product or branch, cash runway, debtor ageing and collection days, inventory turns, expense ratios against last year, and the tax and VAT position as it stands today rather than at year end.

The output is a dashboard you can open on a phone and a short monthly note that says what changed and what to do about it. We build in Power BI, Google Looker Studio or plain Excel — whichever your team will genuinely keep using — and we set it up so the numbers refresh themselves instead of being rebuilt by hand every month.

What we offer
  • Management dashboards in Power BI, Looker Studio or Excel
  • KPI design — margin, cash runway, debtor days, inventory turns
  • Branch, product and salesperson profitability analysis
  • Budget versus actual reporting with variance commentary
  • Cash-flow forecasting and working-capital modelling
  • Automated monthly MIS pack for owners and lenders
  • Data clean-up and reconciliation before reporting begins
Book a free consultation

Sustainability reporting is arriving in Nepal the way NFRS did a decade ago — first for listed companies and donor-funded organisations, then for everyone in their supply chain. Banks are already putting ESG questions into credit files, and international buyers are asking Nepali suppliers for numbers nobody has been collecting.

We start by working out what you actually have to answer, and to whom: a lender’s questionnaire, a donor condition, a buyer’s code of conduct, or a voluntary report you want to publish. Then we build the smallest system that answers it honestly — energy and fuel use, waste, water, workforce and safety numbers, board policies and community spend — and put it on the same monthly rhythm as your books.

We will be candid about where this stands. Nepal has no mandatory sustainability standard for private companies yet, and the ISSB standards (IFRS S1 and S2) and GRI are where most of the world is heading. Our job is to get your data collection right now, so that when a requirement does land you are not starting from a blank page.

What we offer
  • ESG readiness review — what applies to you and what does not
  • Data collection for energy, fuel, waste, water and workforce
  • Lender and donor ESG questionnaires
  • Buyer and supply-chain code of conduct responses
  • Voluntary sustainability report, written and designed
  • Alignment with ISSB (IFRS S1 & S2) and GRI
  • Board policy, governance and community-spend disclosures
Book a free consultation

We design and deliver practical, career-focused training for professionals, teams and organizations — through classroom sessions, live online courses and packaged training programs tailored to your needs.

Programs range from foundational bookkeeping to advanced financial reporting and can be customized as corporate packages, with pre- and post-training assessment, hands-on workshops on real software, and certification of completion.

What we offer
  • Accounting & bookkeeping — Tally, QuickBooks, Xero
  • Financial management & analysis
  • Taxation — income tax, VAT & TDS
  • IFRS / NFRS reporting standards
  • Sales & marketing
  • Human resource management
  • Excel & Power BI for finance
  • Custom corporate training packages
Book a free consultation
(02)A small aside

Every answer starts here

Somewhere under all the schedules and annexures, it is still just adding up. Have a go — then let us do the hard version.

Try the real tax calculator
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(03)Who We Are

Built on trust. Driven by expertise.

At Expert Advisory Services, exceptional service is not a promise — it is our baseline standard. Registered under the Companies Act, 2063, we deliver bespoke solutions across tax, finance, accounting, HR and management services. We look past the quick fix to diagnose the root cause, optimising operational efficiency and driving sustainable growth. Through uncompromising integrity and personal accountability, we build enduring partnerships dedicated to your long-term success.

  • The highest standards of professional behaviour, integrity and ethics in every engagement.
  • We go the extra mile to help you and keep our commitments.
  • We treat every client the way we wish to be treated ourselves.
  • CA, ACCA & Legal ProfessionalsOur team holds internationally recognised qualifications.
  • IRD & OCR ExperiencedPracticed in representing clients before the Inland Revenue Department and the Office of the Company Registrar.
  • All Sectors WelcomeFrom startups and SMEs to NGOs, importers, and listed companies across Nepal.
2016Providing advisory, accounting and tax services in Nepal
(05)Client Stories

In their words

What clients tell us about the work, grouped by the sector they work in.

Payroll and the compliance calendar are the two things a programme office cannot afford to get wrong, and they used to eat our Sundays. Both have been off our desk for a while now — and when a governance point needs a board decision, they raise it before we find it ourselves.

Development & non-profit sector INGO country offices, national NGOs and foundations
CompliancePayrollGovernanceTaxProject reporting

We answer to shareholders, so a number that is nearly right is no use to us. In three years we have not had to send a report back once — and when something is unclear, they explain it in language the board can follow.

Listed public company Reporting to shareholders and the regulator
Financial reportingNFRSTax management

Our money sits in the ground for years before it earns anything, and the depreciation on it gave us a headache every Asar. They sorted the pools out properly — now we know where we stand on tax months before we file.

Energy & infrastructure Long-gestation projects, heavy capital assets
BookkeepingComplianceDepreciation & capex

Showroom, workshop and spare parts used to pull in three directions and the stock never tied out. They put it all on one system and stayed with it until it worked — I finally believe the closing stock figure.

Automotive retail & service Showroom, workshop and spare parts under one roof
BookkeepingVAT returnsStock reconciliation

Every Ashwin used to be a bad week in this shop — papers everywhere and me guessing at half of it. Last year they took the books and the return, told me what to sign and when, and that was the end of it.

Trade & distribution Owner-run wholesale and supply businesses
BookkeepingIncome tax returnVAT returns

Rooms, restaurant and banquet all earn differently and all land in the same set of accounts, so for years the monthly figure told us very little. Now each side is reported the way it actually trades, and I can see which part paid for the month.

Hospitality & hotels Hotels, resorts and restaurants
Hotel & F&B accountingRevenue controlPayroll

Most of our cost is people and most of our income arrives in instalments, so the two never lined up on paper. They set the books up around how we actually bill — now everything comes off one set of numbers.

Professional & service firms Consultancies, clinics, agencies and IT service providers
BookkeepingTDS & withholdingInstalment tax

more client stories on the way

(06)How We Work

From first call to lasting results

Our four-step engagement ensures nothing slips — from your initial consultation to year-round proactive support.

no jargon, no surprises on the invoice

  1. 1

    Free Consultation

    A focused session to understand your business, goals, and current compliance status — at no charge.

  2. 2

    Needs Assessment

    We map your exact requirements and deliver a clear proposal with scope, timeline, and transparent pricing.

  3. 3

    Expert Execution

    Our specialists handle filings, registrations and compliance — with milestone updates throughout.

  4. 4

    Ongoing Support

    Dedicated account management with proactive alerts on regulatory changes that affect your business.

(04)Our Team

Meet the team

Specialists across tax, audit, energy, banking, hospitality and public finance — the people your work is actually done by.

Founder & Chief Executive

Purushottam Thapa

Founded the company in 2016 and leads it today. Works with owners and boards on the questions that sit above the ledger — how a business is structured, where its tax exposure really lies, and which part of it is genuinely making money.

View LinkedIn profile

Director — Outsourced Accounting & Financial Reporting

Gaurav Dahal

Chartered Accountant, ACCA & MBS.

Leads the outsourced accounting practice and the company’s reporting work under NFRS and IFRS. Called in when one set of accounts has to satisfy a foreign parent, a lender and the tax office at the same time.

View LinkedIn profile

Business Development Manager

Binayak KC

Leads business development and client relationships — the first conversation with a prospective client, understanding what the business actually needs, and bringing in the right specialist from the team to deliver it.

View LinkedIn profile

Energy & Infrastructure Finance

Amar Shrestha

Advises on corporate finance and reporting for energy and infrastructure projects — construction-period capitalisation, depreciation on heavy assets, and the long stretch between committing capital and earning a return on it.

View LinkedIn profile

Investments & Corporate Finance

Bikesh Shrestha

Advises on valuation, investment appraisal and the financial side of strategic decisions — what a business is worth, what a proposal actually returns, and which assumptions that answer rests on.

View LinkedIn profile

Aviation & Service Industries

Sabin Bhuju

Advises service businesses where revenue arrives in thousands of small transactions — monthly management reporting, cost and margin control, and budgets that hold up when volumes move.

View LinkedIn profile

Public Financial Management

Sushil Thapa

Chartered Accountant & CFA Level I.

Advises on public financial management and teaches law alongside it. Brings the public-sector discipline of budgets, grants and accountability, and the habit of explaining a rule rather than simply citing it.

View LinkedIn profile

Corporate Affairs & Regulatory Compliance

Pramod Adhikary

Keeps small and growing companies in good standing with the regulator — incorporation, statutory filings, board and shareholder records, and the licence renewals that quietly fall due every year.

View LinkedIn profile

Internal Audit & Risk Assurance

Shiva Raj Raut

Advises banks and financial institutions on internal audit and risk — testing the controls that are supposed to be working, and giving a board the assurance it needs before it signs anything off.

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Technical Accounting & Business Analytics

Niraj Gautam

Handles the technical end of accounting — how a transaction should be recognised and what the standard actually requires — then turns a finished ledger into figures a client can make a decision with.

View LinkedIn profile

Hospitality & Hotel Finance

Rochak Shrestha

Chartered Accountant.

Advises hospitality and manufacturing groups on accounting and finance — occupancy-driven revenue, food and beverage cost control, and consolidating several trading units into one credible set of numbers.

View LinkedIn profile

one team, whichever part of your business needs it

Speak with our team →
Home/Finance & Compliance

Nepal Income Tax Calculator

Estimate your personal income tax liability under current Inland Revenue Department (IRD) slab rates — for the current fiscal year and the incoming one.

Individuals & proprietorship firms — salary income (with monthly TDS) or business income
Taxpayer details
Annual income & contributions (NPR)
Deductions, credits & TDS already paid
Deductible up to Rs 40,000
Deductible up to Rs 20,000
Up to Rs 10,000 (FY 2082/83: Rs 5,000)
Tax credit of 15%, up to Rs 1,500
The rest of the year’s tax is spread over the remaining months.
Income Tax Act, Schedule 1 · Sections 96–97

D-01, D-02, D-03 or D-04? Thresholds & who they apply to

ReturnWho can fileAnnual turnoverTaxable incomeTaxNot available to
D-01Resident natural person (sole proprietor) with business income only from NepalUp to Rs 30 lakhUp to Rs 3 lakhFixed: Rs 7,500 metro / sub-metro · Rs 4,000 municipality · Rs 2,500 rural municipalityEntities, consultancy / professional services, anyone claiming medical tax credit or TDS refund
D-02Resident natural person with business income only from NepalAbove Rs 30 lakh up to Rs 1 croreUp to Rs 10 lakhFixed amount above + on turnover over Rs 30 lakh: goods 1% (0.8% over Rs 50 lakh) · low-margin goods 0.25% (0.3%) · services 2%Entities, consultancy / professional / expert services
D-03Companies, firms, trusts and other entities; individuals with salary, rent or investment income too; and anyone choosing normal slab taxAny — mandatory above Rs 1 croreAnyNormal slab rates (individuals) or entity rate — 25%, 30% or 20% — on taxable income, with full books of account—
D-04Natural persons whose only income is employment (salary) income—Must file above Rs 40 lakh, with more than one employer at a time, or when claiming deductions such as insurance premiumsNormal slab rates; TDS deducted by the employer is creditedAnyone who also has business, rent or investment income — file D-03

D-01 and D-02 are optional. All returns are due by the end of Ashwin (three months after the fiscal year ends); an extension of up to three months can be requested.

SSF Waiver

Contributing to the Social Security Fund waives the 1% Social Security Tax on the first income slab entirely.

Female Rebate

Resident women earning only employment income are eligible for a 10% rebate on their computed tax payable.

Retirement Deduction Cap

Your combined employee + employer PF/retirement contribution and your own CIT (Citizen Investment Trust) contribution reduce assessable income, but only up to the lower of the actual amount contributed, NPR 500,000, or one-third of assessable income (Section 63).

Remaining Months

The annual tax is spread evenly across the remaining months you enter.

Need help filing?

This calculator gives you an estimate — our tax management team can handle the actual planning and filing. Get in touch.

Home/Finance & Compliance

VAT Calculator

Add or remove 13% VAT, work out the VAT payable for a month, and estimate the fees and interest if the return is filed or the tax is paid late.

1
Quick VAT

Add or remove VAT

Amount before VATRs. 0
VAT @ 13%Rs. 0
Total including VATRs. 0
2
Monthly VAT

VAT payable for the month

Enter amounts excluding VAT.

Sales
Purchases
With a VAT invoice or customs receipt
3
Late filing & late payment

Fines, fees & interest

The return and the tax are both due within 25 days after the month ends.

Filled in from step 2 — you can change it.
Return not filed on time

Late filing fee of 0.05% of the tax for each day of delay, or Rs 1,000 per return — whichever is higher.

Tax not paid on time

An additional fee of 10% a year (Section 19) plus interest of 15% a year (Section 26) on the unpaid tax.

Other VAT penalties

Trading without VAT registration, not issuing invoices or not keeping records can lead to fines under Section 29.

Estimate only — the IRD calculates the final fee and interest when you file. Please consult Expert Advisory Services before relying on these figures.
Home/Finance & Compliance

Balance Confirmation Generator

Enter your party ledger once and produce a confirmation letter for every party on your own letterhead — with a reply section for the party, print preview, and bulk PDF, Word or Excel export. Useful for the Annexure-13 party schedule.

Step 1

Your company (sender)

Everything stays in this browser — nothing is uploaded.

Leave the dates blank and they fill in by themselves: the letter date is today (B.S. and A.D.), and the balance date is the last day of Ashadh of the fiscal year above. Type a date to override either one.

A4, 20 mm side margins. Most letterheads need 40–50 mm at the top and 20–25 mm at the bottom, so measure yours and adjust. Each letter is fitted to one page in PDF, Word and print.

Step 2

Party ledger 0

#Party namePANAddressOpeningTaxable purch.Non-tax purch.Purch. VATTaxable salesNon-tax salesSales VATClosing
Totals00000000

Tip — click a row to preview its letter.

Home/Stay Informed

Newsletter & Publications

Articles, tax deadlines and practical compliance guidance from our team — straight to your inbox and free to read.

Publications

Guides & resources

Free reference material prepared by our team. New publications are added regularly.

Nepal Tax Rates Card — FY 2083/84

One-page reference of individual slabs, entity rates, TDS rates and VAT thresholds under the new Finance Act.

Coming soon

Monthly Compliance Calendar

Every IRD, OCR and SSF deadline for the fiscal year in a single printable calendar, so nothing slips.

Coming soon
Home/Finance & Compliance

EMI Calculator

Work out the monthly instalment on a home, vehicle, business or personal loan — on the monthly reducing-balance basis Nepali banks use — and see how much of it is interest.

Your loan
Most Nepali banks quote a floating rate — base rate plus a premium — so this can change during the loan.

Enter a loan amount, a rate and a tenure to see the instalment.

An estimate on monthly reducing balance. Banks add service or processing fees, insurance and, on some products, a premium over the base rate — so the figure on your offer letter will differ. Talk to us before you sign.

Home/Finance & Compliance

Investment Return Calculator

Fixed deposits, recurring deposits, mutual funds and bonds — what each one actually pays after tax.

Fill in the figures on the left to see the result.

    Home/Finance & Compliance

    Compliance Calendar

    Every filing date a business in Nepal has to keep, on the Nepali calendar.

    What is coming up
    Due this month

    Tax update

    Seven changes in the Finance Act, 2083 that will actually reach your desk

    A working summary of the FY 2083/84 amendments for a business in Nepal — new slabs, the Rs 25,000 cash rule, e-invoicing, transfer pricing and the settlement window that closes in Poush.

    Expert Advisory Services Bhadra 2083 · September 2026 9 min read

    Every year the budget lands in Jestha, the summaries follow in Asar, and by Shrawan most owners have read a headline about the slabs and quietly assumed nothing else concerns them. This year that assumption is expensive. The Finance Act, 2083 reaches further into the Income Tax Act, 2058 than any single year we can remember, and several of the changes bite in places a trading company never thinks to look.

    We read the season's notes the way most practices in Kathmandu do — PKF T.R. Upadhya & Co.'s budget highlights first, then Joshi & Bhandary, Shankar Associates' clause-by-clause comparison, and ICAN's own summary. Between them they run to well over a hundred pages. What follows is the short version: the seven changes that, in our experience of running books for businesses in Kathmandu and Lalitpur, will actually reach your desk this year.

    1. The slabs moved, and the ceiling came down

    The first band has doubled. A resident natural person now pays 1% on the first Rs 10,00,000 of taxable income instead of the first Rs 5,00,000, and the bands above it have been redrawn:

    Taxable income (NPR)Rate
    Up to 10,00,0001%
    10,00,001 – 15,00,00010%
    15,00,001 – 25,00,00020%
    25,00,001 – 40,00,00027%
    Above 40,00,00027% + 2% surcharge = 29%

    The headline is the ceiling: the top effective rate falls from 39% to 29%. For a senior manager on Rs 60 lakh that is a real difference. For most of the payroll it is smaller than it looks, because the 1% on the first band is social security tax, not income tax, and it is waived only where the employer contributes to the Social Security Fund.

    What to do: rebuild the payroll deduction sheet from Shrawan rather than carrying forward last year's template. We have already seen two clients run four months of salaries on the old bands and discover the shortfall in Mangsir.

    2. Cash payments: the line is now Rs 25,000

    Section 21 has been tightened twice over. The threshold above which a cash payment is disallowed as a deduction has been halved from Rs 50,000 to Rs 25,000 per transaction, and the old carve-out for smaller businesses is gone — it now applies to all persons, whatever the turnover.

    This is, quietly, the change most likely to cost a Nepali SME money this year. A disallowed expense is not a fine; it is added back to profit and taxed at 25%. Rs 8 lakh of cash purchases across a year, paid in the ordinary way to a supplier who prefers notes, becomes Rs 2 lakh of tax. The usual exceptions survive — payments to banks and government, payments to farmers and producers of primary produce, payments in places with no bank — but they are narrower than most people assume.

    3. Capital gains moved twice

    Gains on listed shares and on land and buildings were each re-rated upward by two and a half percentage points from 1 Shrawan 2083 — and then, on 5 Asoj, the share rates were cut again by gazette notice, to 5% and 3.75%. Property was left where the Finance Act put it. Because that sequence has its own set of practical problems, we have given it a separate article, which you will find below this one.

    4. Three deductions got easier

    • Donations. The Section 12 ceiling for donations to tax-exempt organisations rises from Rs 1,00,000 to Rs 3,00,000, still subject to the 5%-of-adjusted-taxable-income cap and still only to approved bodies. Get the exemption certificate before you write the cheque, not after.
    • CSR. A new Section 12Gha makes corporate social responsibility expenditure deductible up to 1% of taxable income. For companies that were already making the mandatory CSR appropriation, this closes an irritating gap between the Industrial Enterprises Act and the tax return.
    • Agriculture. The definition of agricultural business in Section 11 has been broadened past crop cultivation to take in horticulture, livestock, poultry, fisheries and apiculture. A poultry farm that was arguing its case every year now simply qualifies.

    One small personal deduction is worth mentioning because it is easy to miss: the premium paid to insure a residential building is now deductible up to Rs 10,000, double the previous Rs 5,000.

    5. Electronic invoicing stopped being optional in principle

    Sections 81 and 82Ka now give the Inland Revenue Department express power to require electronic invoicing and connection to the Central Billing Monitoring System, and to obtain transaction data electronically from any person holding it. The penalties written alongside are the serious part: Rs 5,00,000 for using billing software capable of altering or deleting recorded data, and Rs 1,00,000 for other breaches of Section 81. The general VAT penalty for procedural violations has moved from Rs 1,000 to Rs 10,000.

    Nothing obliges every business to connect tomorrow. But the direction is settled, and a shop still issuing hand-written bills from a counter book should treat this year as the year to change, not the year after the first notice arrives.

    6. Transfer pricing arrived properly

    For the first time the Act carries definitions of "international transaction" and "associated enterprises", and with them two mechanisms that will be familiar to anyone who has worked on a foreign group's books. Section 33Ka introduces a safe harbour: a business with turnover up to Rs 1 arba may elect to have its declared price accepted as arm's length for up to five consecutive income years, subject to conditions including a minimum operating margin on IT service exports and prescribed interest bands on intra-group loans. Section 33Kha allows advance pricing agreements — unilateral, bilateral or multilateral — fixing the methodology for up to five years, with an optional roll-back over four preceding years.

    If you invoice a parent or sister company abroad, this is the section of the Finance Act to read in full. For everyone else it is background.

    7. The assessment window shortened; the refund window lengthened

    Section 101(3) cuts the period for an amended assessment from four years to three. Section 113(4) extends the window for claiming a refund from two years to five. The second one is money on the table: if you have TDS deducted in FY 2079/80 that you never reclaimed because the two-year door had shut, look again.

    And a settlement window that closes in Poush

    Alongside the amendments sits the familiar one-time settlement scheme, and this year's terms are generous: principal plus 1%, with interest, fees and penalties waived, across assessed tax, pending disputes, customs audits and unfiled returns. Most schemes close at Poush end 2083 (mid-January 2027); the Companies Act compliance window closes earlier, at Ashoj end 2083. If you are carrying an old assessment you have been arguing with for three years, do the arithmetic now rather than in Poush, when every practice in the valley is doing the same arithmetic for somebody else.

    On the VAT side

    Three changes worth knowing. Platform-based ride-sharing and delivery services now attract 5% VAT, with operators collecting 1% advance tax on payments to drivers. Electricity supplied to final consumers attracts 5% VAT, with household consumption up to 50 units a month still exempt. And the 10% VAT refund on electronic payment has been converted into a discount given at the point of sale — simpler for the customer, and one less reconciliation for you.

    What we would do this month

    1. Rebuild the payroll sheet on the new bands and check the four months already run.
    2. Put a written rule in front of whoever pays suppliers: nothing above Rs 25,000 leaves the business in cash.
    3. Pull the TDS ledgers for the last five years and list every unclaimed credit before the settlement window closes.

    This note is written for general guidance and reflects the position as we read it in Bhadra 2083. Published summaries of the Finance Act differ on a few points of detail, and the Inland Revenue Department's own circulars are now expressly final on interpretation. Please confirm your own position with us before you act on any of it.

    Further reading: PKF T.R. Upadhya & Co., Nepal Budget Statement Highlights 2083/84; Joshi & Bhandary, annual tax update; Shankar Associates, Changes in Income Tax Act 2058 by Finance Bill 2083; ICAN, Highlights of Federal Budget FY 2083/84.

    हरेक वर्ष जेठमा बजेट आउँछ, असारमा सारांशहरू आउँछन्, र साउन आउँदासम्म धेरैजसो व्यवसायीले कर दरको समाचार पढेर बाँकी कुरा आफूलाई छुँदैन भन्ने ठानिसकेका हुन्छन्। यस वर्ष त्यो अनुमान महँगो पर्छ। आर्थिक ऐन, २०८३ ले आयकर ऐन, २०५८ मा हामीले सम्झेसम्मको कुनै पनि एक वर्षमा भन्दा बढी ठाउँमा हात हालेको छ, र केही परिवर्तनहरू व्यापारिक कम्पनीले कहिल्यै नहेर्ने ठाउँमा गएर लाग्छन्।

    यस सिजनका टिप्पणीहरू हामीले काठमाडौंका अरू पेशागत फर्मले जसरी पढ्छन् त्यसरी नै पढ्यौं — पहिले PKF टी.आर. उपाध्याय एण्ड कम्पनीको बजेट हाइलाइट्स, त्यसपछि जोशी एण्ड भण्डारी, शंकर एसोसिएट्सको दफागत तुलना, र ICAN कै सारांश। ती सबै मिलाउँदा सय पृष्ठभन्दा बढी हुन्छ। तल छोटो संस्करण छ — काठमाडौं र ललितपुरका व्यवसायको हिसाबकिताब हेर्दै आएको हाम्रो अनुभवमा यस वर्ष वास्तवमै तपाईंको टेबलसम्म आइपुग्ने सात परिवर्तन।

    १. स्ल्याब सर्‍यो, माथिल्लो दर घट्यो

    पहिलो खुड्किलो दोब्बर भएको छ। बासिन्दा प्राकृतिक व्यक्तिले अब करयोग्य आयको पहिलो रु. ५,००,००० होइन, पहिलो रु. १०,००,००० मा १% तिर्छन्, र माथिका खुड्किलाहरू पुनः कोरिएका छन्:

    करयोग्य आय (रु.)दर
    १०,००,००० सम्म१%
    १०,००,००१ – १५,००,०००१०%
    १५,००,००१ – २५,००,०००२०%
    २५,००,००१ – ४०,००,०००२७%
    ४०,००,००० भन्दा माथि२७% + २% सरचार्ज = २९%

    मुख्य कुरा माथिल्लो सीमा हो: उच्चतम प्रभावकारी दर ३९% बाट घटेर २९% भएको छ। रु. ६० लाख कमाउने वरिष्ठ व्यवस्थापकका लागि यो ठूलो फरक हो। तर धेरैजसो कर्मचारीका लागि देखिए जति ठूलो होइन, किनभने पहिलो खुड्किलाको १% सामाजिक सुरक्षा कर हो, आयकर होइन, र रोजगारदाताले सामाजिक सुरक्षा कोषमा योगदान गरेको अवस्थामा मात्र त्यो मिनाहा हुन्छ।

    के गर्ने: गत वर्षको ढाँचा सारेर होइन, साउनदेखि तलब कट्टीको तालिका नयाँ बनाउनुहोस्। पुरानै खुड्किलामा चार महिनाको तलब चलाएर मंसिरमा घटी कट्टी भएको थाहा पाउने दुई ग्राहक हामीले यसै वर्ष देखिसक्यौं।

    २. नगद भुक्तानी: सीमा अब रु. २५,०००

    दफा २१ दुई ठाउँबाट कसिएको छ। खर्च कट्टी नपाइने नगद भुक्तानीको सीमा प्रति कारोबार रु. ५०,००० बाट आधा घटेर रु. २५,००० भएको छ, र साना व्यवसायलाई दिइएको पुरानो छुट हटेको छ — अब कारोबार जतिसुकै भए पनि यो सबै व्यक्तिमा लागू हुन्छ।

    चुपचाप, नेपाली साना तथा मझौला व्यवसायलाई यस वर्ष सबैभन्दा बढी पैसा पार्ने परिवर्तन यही हो। कट्टी नपाइने खर्च जरिवाना होइन; त्यो नाफामा फिर्ता जोडिन्छ र २५% का दरले कर लाग्छ। नोट रुचाउने आपूर्तिकर्तालाई सामान्य तवरले तिरिएको वर्षभरिको रु. ८ लाख नगद खरिद रु. २ लाख करमा परिणत हुन्छ। सामान्य अपवादहरू यथावत् छन् — बैंक र सरकारलाई गरिने भुक्तानी, कृषक तथा प्राथमिक उत्पादकलाई गरिने भुक्तानी, बैंक नभएको ठाउँमा गरिने भुक्तानी — तर ती धेरैले सोचेभन्दा साँघुरा छन्।

    ३. पुँजीगत लाभकर दुई पटक बदलियो

    २०८३ साउन १ देखि सूचीकृत सेयर र घरजग्गा दुवैको लाभकर अढाई प्रतिशत बिन्दुले बढेको थियो — अनि असोज ५ मा राजपत्रको सूचनाबाट सेयरको दर फेरि घटाएर ५% र ३.७५% बनाइयो। घरजग्गा भने आर्थिक ऐनले राखेकै ठाउँमा छ। यो क्रमका आफ्नै व्यावहारिक झन्झट भएकाले त्यसलाई छुट्टै लेख बनाएका छौं, जुन यसैको तल भेट्नुहुनेछ।

    ४. तीन कट्टी सजिलो भयो

    • दान। कर छुट पाएका संस्थालाई दिइएको दानको दफा १२ अन्तर्गतको सीमा रु. १,००,००० बाट बढेर रु. ३,००,००० भएको छ, तर समायोजित करयोग्य आयको ५% को सीमा र स्वीकृत संस्थालाई मात्र भन्ने सर्त यथावत् छ। चेक काट्नुअघि छुटको प्रमाणपत्र लिनुहोस्, पछि होइन।
    • सीएसआर। नयाँ दफा १२घ ले संस्थागत सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व खर्चलाई करयोग्य आयको १% सम्म कट्टी योग्य बनाएको छ। अनिवार्य सीएसआर छुट्याइरहेका कम्पनीका लागि यसले औद्योगिक व्यवसाय ऐन र कर विवरणबीचको झिँजो खाडल पुरिदिएको छ।
    • कृषि। दफा ११ मा कृषि व्यवसायको परिभाषा बालीनाली उत्पादनभन्दा फराकिलो पारी बागवानी, पशुपालन, कुखुरापालन, मत्स्यपालन र मौरीपालनसमेत समेटिएको छ। हरेक वर्ष आफ्नो पक्ष प्रमाणित गर्नुपर्ने कुखुरा फार्म अब सिधै योग्य हुन्छ।

    एउटा सानो व्यक्तिगत कट्टी उल्लेख गर्न लायक छ किनभने छुट्न सजिलो छ: आवासीय भवनको बीमा शुल्क अब रु. १०,००० सम्म कट्टी पाइन्छ, अघिको रु. ५,००० को दोब्बर।

    ५. विद्युतीय बीजक सैद्धान्तिक रूपमै अनिवार्यतर्फ

    दफा ८१ र ८२क ले अब आन्तरिक राजस्व विभागलाई विद्युतीय बीजक तथा केन्द्रीय बिलिङ अनुगमन प्रणाली (CBMS) मा आबद्ध हुन लगाउने र कारोबारको विवरण राख्ने जुनसुकै व्यक्तिबाट विद्युतीय माध्यमबाट तथ्याङ्क लिने स्पष्ट अधिकार दिन्छ। सँगै लेखिएका जरिवाना नै गम्भीर पक्ष हुन्: अभिलिखित तथ्याङ्क बदल्न वा मेट्न सक्ने बिलिङ सफ्टवेयर प्रयोग गरेमा रु. ५,००,००० र दफा ८१ का अन्य उल्लङ्घनमा रु. १,००,०००। प्रक्रियागत उल्लङ्घनको सामान्य भ्याट जरिवाना रु. १,००० बाट रु. १०,००० पुगेको छ।

    भोलिबाटै सबै व्यवसाय आबद्ध हुनैपर्ने होइन। तर दिशा तय भइसक्यो, र अझै काउन्टरको कापीमा हातले बिल काट्ने पसलले पहिलो सूचना आएपछिको वर्ष होइन, यही वर्षलाई परिवर्तनको वर्ष मान्नुपर्छ।

    ६. ट्रान्सफर प्राइसिङ औपचारिक रूपमा आयो

    पहिलो पटक ऐनमा "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कारोबार" र "सम्बद्ध उद्यम" को परिभाषा राखिएको छ, र सँगै विदेशी समूहको हिसाबकिताब हेरेकाहरूलाई परिचित दुई व्यवस्था आएका छन्। दफा ३३क ले सुरक्षित आश्रय (safe harbour) ल्याउँछ: रु. १ अर्बसम्म कारोबार भएको व्यवसायले आफूले घोषणा गरेको मूल्यलाई लगातार पाँच आय वर्षसम्म बजार मूल्यसरह स्वीकार गराउन रोज्न सक्छ — सूचना प्रविधि सेवा निर्यातमा न्यूनतम सञ्चालन मार्जिन र समूहभित्रको ऋणमा तोकिएको ब्याजदर सीमाजस्ता सर्त पूरा भएमा। दफा ३३ख ले एकपक्षीय, द्विपक्षीय वा बहुपक्षीय अग्रिम मूल्य निर्धारण सम्झौता (APA) गर्न दिन्छ, जसले पाँच वर्षसम्मका लागि विधि तय गर्छ र अघिल्ला चार वर्षसम्म लागू गर्न सकिन्छ।

    विदेशमा रहेको मातृ वा भगिनी कम्पनीलाई बिल पठाउनुहुन्छ भने आर्थिक ऐनको यही भाग पूरै पढ्नुपर्ने हो। अरूका लागि यो पृष्ठभूमि मात्र हो।

    ७. संशोधित कर निर्धारणको अवधि घट्यो, फिर्ताको बढ्यो

    दफा १०१(३) ले संशोधित कर निर्धारण गर्न सकिने अवधि चार वर्षबाट तीन वर्ष बनाएको छ। दफा ११३(४) ले कर फिर्ता दाबी गर्ने अवधि दुई वर्षबाट पाँच वर्ष पुर्‍याएको छ। दोस्रोचाहिँ सिधै पैसा हो: आ.व. २०७९/८० मा कट्टी भएको टिडिएस दुई वर्षको ढोका बन्द भएकाले दाबी नगरी छाड्नुभएको छ भने फेरि हेर्नुहोस्।

    अनि पुसमा बन्द हुने मिलानको झ्याल

    संशोधनहरूसँगै परिचित एकपटकको कर मिलान योजना पनि छ, र यस वर्षका सर्त उदार छन्: साँवा र १% मात्र तिरे ब्याज, शुल्क र जरिवाना मिनाहा — निर्धारित कर, विचाराधीन विवाद, भन्सार परीक्षण र नबुझाइएका विवरण सबैमा। धेरैजसो योजना २०८३ पुस मसान्त (सन् २०२७ जनवरी मध्य) मा बन्द हुन्छन्; कम्पनी ऐनको पालना सम्बन्धी झ्याल त्यसअघि नै २०८३ असोज मसान्तमा बन्द हुन्छ। तीन वर्षदेखि विवादमा रहेको पुरानो कर निर्धारण बोक्नुभएको छ भने पुसमा होइन, अहिल्यै हिसाब गर्नुहोस् — पुसमा उपत्यकाका सबै फर्म अरू कसैका लागि त्यही हिसाब गरिरहेका हुनेछन्।

    भ्याटतर्फ

    तीन कुरा जान्न लायक छन्। प्लेटफर्ममार्फत हुने राइड-सेयरिङ र डेलिभरी सेवामा अब ५% भ्याट लाग्छ, र सञ्चालकले चालकलाई गरिने भुक्तानीमा १% अग्रिम कर असुल्नुपर्छ। अन्तिम उपभोक्तालाई आपूर्ति हुने विद्युत्मा ५% भ्याट लाग्छ, तर घरायसी उपभोगमा मासिक ५० युनिटसम्म छुट यथावत् छ। र विद्युतीय भुक्तानीमा दिइँदै आएको १०% भ्याट फिर्तालाई बिक्री बिन्दुमै दिइने छुटमा परिणत गरिएको छ — ग्राहकलाई सरल, र तपाईंलाई एउटा मिलान कम।

    यो महिना हामी के गर्थ्यौं

    1. नयाँ खुड्किलामा तलब तालिका पुनः बनाउने र चलिसकेका चार महिना जाँच्ने।
    2. आपूर्तिकर्तालाई भुक्तानी गर्नेलाई लिखित नियम दिने: रु. २५,००० भन्दा माथिको कुनै पनि रकम नगदमा बाहिर नजाओस्।
    3. विगत पाँच वर्षको टिडिएस खाता झिकेर मिलानको झ्याल बन्द हुनुअघि दाबी नगरिएका सबै क्रेडिट सूचीबद्ध गर्ने।

    यो टिप्पणी सामान्य मार्गदर्शनका लागि लेखिएको हो र २०८३ भदौमा हामीले बुझेअनुसारको अवस्था देखाउँछ। आर्थिक ऐनका प्रकाशित सारांशहरू केही विवरणमा फरक छन्, र आन्तरिक राजस्व विभागका परिपत्रलाई अब व्याख्याका हिसाबले अन्तिम मानिने व्यवस्था छ। कुनै पनि कुरामा कदम चाल्नुअघि आफ्नो अवस्था हामीसँग पुष्टि गर्नुहोस्।

    थप अध्ययन: PKF टी.आर. उपाध्याय एण्ड कम्पनी, नेपाल बजेट वक्तव्य हाइलाइट्स २०८३/८४; जोशी एण्ड भण्डारी, वार्षिक कर अद्यावधिक; शंकर एसोसिएट्स, आर्थिक विधेयक २०८३ द्वारा आयकर ऐन २०५८ मा भएका परिवर्तन; ICAN, संघीय बजेट आ.व. २०८३/८४ का हाइलाइट्स।

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    Capital gains tax on shares has been halved — what the Asoj gazette actually changed

    The rate went up in Shrawan and was cut again on 5 Asoj 2083, effective the next day. Where the share and property rates stand today, what is still only proposed, and how the gain is computed.

    Expert Advisory Services 7 Asoj 2083 · 23 September 2026 8 min read

    This one moved twice in ten weeks. The Finance Act, 2083 raised capital gains tax on shares from 1 Shrawan; then, on 5 Asoj 2083, a notice in the Nepal Gazette cut it again — further than it had ever been. The new rates took effect on 6 Asoj 2083 (23 September 2026). If you have been working from a summary published in Bhadra, it is already out of date.

    Where the share rates stand today

    For a resident natural person disposing of shares in a listed company:

    Holding periodUntil Ashadh 2083Shrawan – 5 AsojFrom 6 Asoj 2083
    365 days or less7.5%10%5%
    More than 365 days5%7.5%3.75%

    That is not a rollback to the old position — it is half of it. A long-term investor now pays 3.75% where two years ago they paid 5%, and the short-holding rate has come down to 5% from a peak of 10%. The cut was made under the powers the Finance Act, 2083 gives the government, and it is collected by CDS and Clearing at settlement as a final tax: nothing further to reconcile on your annual return.

    The reduction applies to individual investors only. A resident company or other entity still has 10% collected on gains from listed securities, and still brings the gain into its accounts as business income taxed at the normal rate.

    Land and buildings did not move

    The Shrawan increase on immovable property stands. For a non-business chargeable asset held by a natural person:

    Ownership periodBeforeNow
    5 years or less7.5%10%
    More than 5 years5%7.5%

    So the gap between the two asset classes has opened up sharply. Selling a plot you have held four years costs 10%; selling a share lot you have held four years costs 3.75%. Whatever you think of that as policy, it is now a real factor in how a family decides which asset to release when it needs cash.

    Companies disposing of land or buildings still have 1.5% of the sale value collected at registration, with the gain taken into the profit and loss account in the ordinary way. Unlisted shares are unchanged at 10% for natural persons and 15% for entities.

    What is still only proposed

    The same package of capital-market measures contains something that would matter more than the rate cut if it is enacted: allowing a loss on listed securities to be set off against a gain on listed securities in the same fiscal year, with tax charged only on the net. At the moment that is a proposal under study, not law. Until it is passed, a loss on one scrip does not reduce the tax on a gain in another — every profitable sale is taxed on its own.

    We would not plan around it yet. If it does arrive, it will change how the last weeks of Ashadh look for anyone holding a losing position, and we will write about it then.

    The reliefs and exemptions people keep forgetting

    • A disposal of land or a building for Rs 10,00,000 or less falls outside the definition of a non-business chargeable asset altogether. There is no gain to compute.
    • A private residence owned continuously for ten years and lived in for ten years is exempt.
    • A transfer between the living within three generations of the family — what the Land Revenue Office calls a dan-bakas transfer — is not taxed at the moment of transfer.
    • Land taken involuntarily under a government decision carries a concessional 2.5%, and a gift of land or a building to the federal, provincial or local government is exempt outright.

    That third one has a sting families discover late. When the person who received the property eventually sells it to an outsider, the gain runs from the value at the date it came to them, not from what their grandfather paid in 2030. Keep the valuation from that date; in ten years it is worth more than the property file.

    How the gain is actually computed

    For land and buildings, the sale side is the higher of the deed value and the government's minimum valuation for that locality — a low figure on the deed does not lower the tax. From that you deduct the cost of acquisition, the registration fee and duty you paid on purchase, and the cost of capital improvements: the boundary wall, the extra floor, the retaining structure. Ordinary repairs and repainting do not count.

    The deduction only works if you can prove it. Improvement work done informally and paid in cash is the single most common reason we watch a client pay more tax than they owe. If you are building now and may sell later, keep the contractor's bill and pay through the bank.

    For shares, cost is the weighted average across your holding in that scrip as your depository participant computes it, and the holding period runs from the date each lot was credited. Bonus shares complicate this more than people expect: they enter at par, which drags the average cost down and pushes the taxable gain up.

    A worked example

    A share lot bought in Poush 2082, sold in Asoj 2083.

    Weighted average cost Rs 12,40,000. Sold for Rs 18,90,000. Held roughly nine months, so the short-holding rate applies.

    Gain = 18,90,000 − 12,40,000 = Rs 6,50,000.

    Sold on 4 Asoj at 10%: Rs 65,000. Sold on 6 Asoj at 5%: Rs 32,500.

    Two days, Rs 32,500. And had the same lot been held past 365 days, 3.75% would have made it Rs 24,375.

    Does it change what you should do?

    Less than the headline suggests. The holding-period boundary is now worth 1.25 percentage points on shares rather than 2.5, so the case for hanging on to a lot for a few more days has weakened, not strengthened. What has genuinely changed is the relative cost of releasing shares versus releasing land — and for anyone who was holding back a sale while the rate sat at 10%, the reason to wait has gone.

    The dull advice still pays better than timing. Get the cost side of the file complete: purchase deed, registration receipt, improvement bills, and for shares a current statement from your DP. The tax is on the gain, and the gain is only as small as your paperwork lets it be.

    Written on 7 Asoj 2083 (23 September 2026), the day after the gazette notice, and current as at that date. Rates in this area have now changed twice in one fiscal year, so please confirm the rate that applies to your transaction with us — or with the Land Revenue Office — before you sign anything.

    Sources: Nepal Gazette notice of 5 Asoj 2083; ShareSansar and Bizness News reports of 22–23 September 2026; Ministry of Finance, Capital Market Strengthening and Revival Action Plan, 2083.

    यो कुरा दस हप्ताभित्रै दुई पटक बदलियो। आर्थिक ऐन, २०८३ ले साउन १ देखि सेयरको पुँजीगत लाभकर बढायो; अनि २०८३ असोज ५ मा नेपाल राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित सूचनाले त्यसलाई फेरि घटायो — पहिले कहिल्यै नभएको तहसम्म। नयाँ दर २०८३ असोज ६ (२३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२६) देखि लागू भइसक्यो। भदौमा प्रकाशित सारांश हेरेर काम गरिरहनुभएको छ भने त्यो अहिले नै पुरानो भइसक्यो।

    सेयरको दर अहिले कहाँ छ

    सूचीकृत कम्पनीको सेयर बेच्ने बासिन्दा प्राकृतिक व्यक्तिका लागि:

    धारण अवधिअसार २०८३ सम्मसाउन – असोज ५असोज ६, २०८३ देखि
    ३६५ दिन वा सोभन्दा कम७.५%१०%५%
    ३६५ दिनभन्दा बढी५%७.५%३.७५%

    यो पुरानै अवस्थामा फर्किएको होइन — त्यसको आधा हो। दीर्घकालीन लगानीकर्ताले दुई वर्षअघि ५% तिर्थे, अब ३.७५% तिर्छन्; छोटो अवधिको दर १०% को उच्च बिन्दुबाट झरेर ५% भएको छ। आर्थिक ऐन, २०८३ ले सरकारलाई दिएको अधिकार प्रयोग गरी यो कटौती भएको हो, र सीडीएस एण्ड क्लियरिङले फर्छ्यौटकै बखत अन्तिम करका रूपमा असुल्छ — वार्षिक विवरणमा फेरि मिलान गर्नुपर्दैन।

    यो कटौती व्यक्तिगत लगानीकर्तालाई मात्र लागू हुन्छ। बासिन्दा कम्पनी वा अन्य संस्थाबाट सूचीकृत धितोपत्रको लाभमा अझै १०% असुल हुन्छ, र लाभ सामान्य दरमा व्यावसायिक आयका रूपमा हिसाबमै जान्छ।

    घरजग्गा भने जहाँको त्यहीं

    अचल सम्पत्तिमा साउनमा भएको वृद्धि यथावत् छ। प्राकृतिक व्यक्तिको गैरव्यावसायिक करयोग्य सम्पत्तिका हकमा:

    स्वामित्व अवधिपहिलेअहिले
    ५ वर्ष वा सोभन्दा कम७.५%१०%
    ५ वर्षभन्दा बढी५%७.५%

    त्यसैले दुई किसिमका सम्पत्तिबीचको खाडल ह्वात्तै बढेको छ। चार वर्षदेखि राखेको जग्गा बेच्दा १०% लाग्छ; चार वर्षदेखि राखेको सेयर बेच्दा ३.७५%। नीतिका हिसाबले जे भए पनि, पैसा चाहिँदा कुन सम्पत्ति छाड्ने भन्ने परिवारको निर्णयमा अब यो साँच्चिकै तौलिने कुरा भएको छ।

    घरजग्गा बेच्ने कम्पनीबाट रजिस्ट्रेसनकै बखत बिक्री मूल्यको १.५% असुल हुन्छ र लाभ सामान्य तवरले नाफा-नोक्सान हिसाबमा जान्छ। सूचीकृत नभएको सेयरमा प्राकृतिक व्यक्तिलाई १०% र संस्थालाई १५% यथावत् छ।

    अझै प्रस्तावमै रहेको कुरा

    यही पुँजी बजारसम्बन्धी प्याकेजमा दर कटौतीभन्दा पनि महत्त्वपूर्ण हुनसक्ने एउटा कुरा छ: एउटै आर्थिक वर्षभित्र सूचीकृत धितोपत्रको नोक्सानीलाई सोही किसिमको लाभसँग समायोजन गर्न दिने, र खुद रकममा मात्र कर लगाउने। तर अहिलेसम्म त्यो अध्ययनमै रहेको प्रस्ताव हो, कानुन होइन। पारित नभएसम्म एउटा स्क्रिपको नोक्सानीले अर्कोको लाभमा लाग्ने कर घटाउँदैन — नाफा भएको हरेक बिक्रीमा छुट्टै कर लाग्छ।

    यसैको भरमा योजना बनाउन हामी सुझाव दिँदैनौं। लागू भयो भने घाटामा रहेको लगानी बोक्नेहरूका लागि असारका अन्तिम हप्ता फरक हुनेछन्, र त्यतिबेला हामी यसबारे लेख्नेछौं।

    मानिसले बिर्सिरहने सहुलियत र छुटहरू

    • रु. १०,००,००० वा सोभन्दा कममा घरजग्गा हस्तान्तरण भएमा त्यो गैरव्यावसायिक करयोग्य सम्पत्तिकै परिभाषाभित्र पर्दैन। लाभ गणना गर्नै पर्दैन।
    • लगातार दस वर्ष स्वामित्वमा रहेको र दस वर्ष बसोबास गरिएको निजी आवासमा छुट छ।
    • परिवारभित्र तीन पुस्ताभित्रको जीवितबीचको हस्तान्तरण — मालपोतले दान-बकस भन्ने गरेको — हस्तान्तरणकै बखत करयोग्य हुँदैन।
    • सरकारी निर्णयबमोजिम अनिवार्य रूपमा जग्गा प्राप्ति हुँदा २.५% को सहुलियत दर लाग्छ, र संघ, प्रदेश वा स्थानीय सरकारलाई घरजग्गा दान दिँदा पूर्ण छुट पाइन्छ।

    तेस्रो कुराको एउटा टोकाइ परिवारहरूले पछि मात्र थाहा पाउँछन्। सम्पत्ति पाउने व्यक्तिले पछि अरूलाई बेच्दा लाभ उनीहरूकहाँ आएको मितिको मूल्यबाट गनिन्छ, हजुरबुबाले २०३० सालमा तिरेको रकमबाट होइन। त्यो मितिको मूल्याङ्कन सम्हालेर राख्नुहोस्; दस वर्षपछि त्यो कागज जग्गाधनी फाइलभन्दा बढी काम लाग्छ।

    लाभ वास्तवमा कसरी गणना हुन्छ

    घरजग्गाका हकमा बिक्रीतर्फ लिखतको मूल्य र सो क्षेत्रको सरकारी न्यूनतम मूल्याङ्कनमध्ये जुन बढी छ त्यही लिइन्छ — लिखतमा कम अंक लेखेर कर घटाउन मिल्दैन। त्यसबाट खरिद लागत, खरिदका बखत तिरेको रजिस्ट्रेसन दस्तुर, र पुँजीगत सुधारको खर्च — कम्पाउन्ड वाल, थपिएको तला, पर्खाल — घटाइन्छ। सामान्य मर्मत र रङरोगन गनिँदैन।

    प्रमाण भए मात्र यो कट्टी काम लाग्छ। अनौपचारिक रूपमा गराइएको र नगदमा तिरिएको सुधार कामको बिल नहुनु नै ग्राहकले तिर्नुपर्नेभन्दा बढी कर तिरेको हामीले देख्ने सबैभन्दा सामान्य कारण हो। अहिले निर्माण गर्दै हुनुहुन्छ र पछि बेच्ने सम्भावना छ भने ठेकेदारको बिल राख्नुहोस् र बैंकबाटै भुक्तानी गर्नुहोस्।

    सेयरका हकमा लागत भनेको सोही स्क्रिपमा तपाईंको सम्पूर्ण धारणको भारित औसत हो, जुन तपाईंको निक्षेप सदस्य (DP) ले गणना गर्छ, र धारण अवधि प्रत्येक लट जम्मा भएको मितिबाट गनिन्छ। बोनस सेयरले यसलाई सोचेभन्दा बढी अल्झाउँछ: ती अंकित मूल्यमा भित्रिन्छन्, जसले औसत लागत तल झार्छ र करयोग्य लाभ माथि उठाउँछ।

    एउटा उदाहरण

    २०८२ पुसमा किनेको सेयर, २०८३ असोजमा बिक्री।

    भारित औसत लागत रु. १२,४०,०००। बिक्री रु. १८,९०,०००। करिब नौ महिना धारण भएकाले छोटो अवधिको दर लाग्छ।

    लाभ = १८,९०,००० − १२,४०,००० = रु. ६,५०,०००।

    असोज ४ मा बेचेको भए १०% = रु. ६५,०००। असोज ६ मा बेच्दा ५% = रु. ३२,५००।

    दुई दिनको फरकले रु. ३२,५००। अनि त्यही लट ३६५ दिनभन्दा बढी राखिएको भए ३.७५% ले रु. २४,३७५ मात्र हुन्थ्यो।

    के गर्नुपर्ने कुरा बदलिन्छ त?

    समाचारको शीर्षकले देखाएभन्दा कम। सेयरमा धारण अवधिको सिमानाले अब २.५ होइन, १.२५ प्रतिशत बिन्दु मात्र फरक पार्छ — त्यसैले केही दिन थप कुर्ने कारण बलियो भएको छैन, कमजोर भएको छ। साँच्चै बदलिएको कुरा हो: सेयर छाड्ने कि जग्गा छाड्ने भन्ने तुलनात्मक लागत। अनि दर १०% हुँदा बिक्री रोकेर बसेकाहरूका लागि पर्खने कारण अब रहेन।

    निरस सल्लाह भने अझै समय छोप्ने प्रयासभन्दा राम्रो प्रतिफल दिन्छ: लागततर्फको फाइल पूरा बनाउनुहोस्। खरिद लिखत, रजिस्ट्रेसन रसिद, सुधारका बिल, र सेयरका हकमा DP बाट हालैको विवरण। कर लाभमा लाग्छ, र लाभ तपाईंको कागजपत्रले जति सानो बनाउन दिन्छ त्यति मात्र सानो हुन्छ।

    २०८३ असोज ७ (२३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२६) मा, राजपत्रको सूचना प्रकाशित भएको भोलिपल्ट लेखिएको र सोही मितिसम्म अद्यावधिक। यस क्षेत्रका दर एउटै आर्थिक वर्षमा दुई पटक बदलिइसकेकाले कुनै कागजमा हस्ताक्षर गर्नुअघि आफ्नो कारोबारमा लाग्ने दर हामीसँग — वा मालपोत कार्यालयसँग — पुष्टि गर्नुहोस्।

    स्रोत: २०८३ असोज ५ को नेपाल राजपत्र सूचना; सेयरसंसार तथा बिजनेस न्युजका २२–२३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२६ का समाचार; अर्थ मन्त्रालय, पुँजी बजार सुदृढीकरण तथा पुनरुत्थान कार्ययोजना, २०८३।

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